![]() ![]() However, the majority of this evidence is from research in adults without disabilities. This review highlights the progress in the field and aims to encourage the wider scientific community to develop innovative solutions to accurately quantify physical activity in this population.Ĭonsiderable evidence now exists to support the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) for human health and wellbeing. Population specific algorithms offer considerable improvements in energy expenditure prediction accuracy. Multi-sensor devices that incorporate physiological signals and acceleration have recently been adapted for persons who use wheelchairs. Yet, more complex data analysis methodologies may be necessary to further improve energy expenditure prediction for more intricate movements or behaviours. These have consistently demonstrated the arm or wrist as the most suitable anatomical location to wear accelerometers. Objective measurement tools, which overcome such considerations, have been validated using controlled laboratory protocols. However, the complexity of interview administration and potential for recall bias are notable limitations. Of the existing three self-report methods utilised in this population, the 3-day Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) telephone interview demonstrates the best reliability and validity. It also outlines numerous considerations specific to this population and suggests suitable future directions for the field. ![]() This review provides a detailed evaluation of the currently available measurement tools used to predict physical activity and energy expenditure in persons who use wheelchairs. Quantifying various free-living lifestyle behaviours in this group is at present restricted by our understanding of appropriate measurement tools and analytical techniques. However, the ratio of activity EE to resting EE in children appears to be similar or slightly less than in the compendium, suggesting that the compendium MET increments used with our adjusted EE values more closely approximate the true EE of activities in children than present adult norms.Accurately measuring physical activity and energy expenditure in persons with chronic physical disabilities who use wheelchairs is a considerable and ongoing challenge. However, the ratio of activity EE to REE was comparable in children and adults.Įnergy expenditure per kilogram of body mass at rest or during exercise is greater in children than adults and varies with pubertal status, thus using the definition of a MET in the compendium of physical activities without adjustment is inadequate for energy estimation in children, until a child reaches Tanner Stage 5. The age-adjusted and puberty-adjusted energy expenditure values were generally lower than the compendium MET values for sedentary and moderate activities but were more varied for high-intensity activities. Pubertal development was estimated from a self-report questionnaire.Īt rest, VO(2) and EE were highest in the youngest children and decreased with advancing age and higher pubertal stage in both genders. ![]() Activities ranged from television viewing and video game play to running and rope skipping. Three sets of activities were assigned in random order for each subject. In this descriptive study, 295 volunteer youth 8-18 yr of age completed 18 common physical activities (including rest) while EE was measured continuously with a portable metabolic system. Secondary aims were to determine at what age and pubertal developmental stage values approach those of adults. The primary aim was to determine the energy expenditure (EE: kcal.kg(-1).h(-1)) in terms of caloric cost and metabolic equivalents of activities commonly performed by children and adolescents. ![]()
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